Saturday, 30 July 2011

US Export, Import and Trade

US foreign trade and global economic policies have experienced drastic changes since the days of its founding fathers. Prior to the Great Depression and World War II, government and businesses mostly concentrated on developing the domestic economy irrespective of what went on abroad. Since then however, the US has generally sought to reduce trade barriers and coordinate the world economic system.

Today, the US is the world’s largest trading nation – simultaneously leading the world in imports and being among the top three exporting nations in the world. As the top export market for almost 60 trading nations, the US has had a certain degree of economic and political leverage throughout the world, which allows it to shape global policies towards its own.

One such policy is its commitment to global free trade. The US has had a major role in the formation of global trade agencies such as GATT, as well as its future incarnation as the WTO. Apart from the guidelines set by these agencies, the US also has numerous Free Trade Agreements (FTAs) with individual nations.
Current FTA

US-Israel FTA - since 1985

North American FTA (NAFTA) –;since 1994, including Canada and Mexico

US-Jordan FTA – since 2001

Australia-US FTA – since 2004

US-Chile FTA – since 2004

US-Singapore FTA – since 2004

Dominican Republic-Central America FTA (DR-CAFTA) – since 2005, including Costa Rica, El Salvador, Guatemala, Honduras, Nicaragua and the Dominican Republic

US-Bahrain FTA – since 2006

US-Morocco FTA – since 2006

US-Oman FTA – since 2006

US-Peru Trade Promotion Agreement – since 2007
FTAs waiting approval

Panama-US Trade Promotion Agreement

Colombia-US Trade Promotion Agreement

Republic of Korea-US FTA
Proposed FTAs

Free Trade Area of the Americas (FTAA) – to include all countries in Western Hemisphere except Cuba

US-Middle East Free Trade Area (USMEFTA) – to include most countries in the Middle East

Transatlantic Free Trade Area (TAFTA) – European Union

US-Thailand FTA

US-New Zealand FTA

US-Ghana FTA

US-Indonesia FTA

US-Kenya FTA

US-Kuwait FTA

US-Malaysia FTA

US-Mauritius FTA

US-Mozambique FTA

US-Taiwan FTA

US-United Arab Emirates FTA

US-Southern African Customs FTA – to include South Africa, Botswana, Lesotho, Swaziland and Namibia

US-Ecuador FTA

US-Qatar FTA
US Trade Deficit

The US trade deficit has been a hotly contested issue ever since the US first started posting trade deficits in the 1960s.

On the one hand, economists such as Federic Bastiat and Milton Friedman argue that successful, growing economies should see greater trade deficits while a shrinking economy would result in lower trade deficits.

However, the extent and size of the US trade deficit, particularly that of with China, has caused concerns within the US.  In an interview with the Associated Press in 2006, Warren Buffet expressed his belief that “the U.S trade deficit is a bigger threat to the domestic economy than either the federal budget deficit or consumer debt and could lead to political turmoil... Right now, the rest of the world owns $3 trillion more of us than we own of them.”

As such, there has been continual debate on whether the US should reduce its trade deficit.

Find out more the US Trade Deficit on EconomyWatch.com
US Import and Export Indicators and Statistics at a Glance (2010)

Exports: US$994.7 billion

Exports - commodities: agricultural products (soybeans, fruit, corn) 9.2 percent, industrial supplies (organic chemicals) 26.8 percent, capital goods (transistors, aircraft, motor vehicle parts, computers, telecommunications equipment) 49.0 percent, consumer goods (automobiles, medicines) 15.0 percent

Exports - partners: Canada 20.1 percent, Mexico 11.7 percent, China 5.5 percent, Japan 5.1 percent, Germany 4.2 percent, UK 4.1 percent

Imports: US$1.445 trillion

Imports - commodities: agricultural products 4.9 percent, industrial supplies 32.9 percent (crude oil 8.2 percent), capital goods 30.4 percent (computers, telecommunications equipment, motor vehicle parts, office machines, electric power machinery), consumer goods 31.8 percent (automobiles, clothing, medicines, furniture, toys)

Imports - partners: China 16.5 percent, Canada 15.7 percent, Mexico 10.1 percent, Japan 6.6 percent, Germany 4.6 percent

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