Monday, 30 May 2011

Hobbies Guru

Capture the Fantastic Views of Japan

Japan is an island nation in western part of North Pacific Ocean, East Asia’s off the coast. It is not only power in the world. Nevertheless, Japan is an old nation still and much of their culture survives in the day by day life of the individual, in the practice of traditional crafts and arts, and in the treasures architecture before time. Japan is also famous for the beauty of the countryside. The center and the capital of the place is Tokyo, the most famous city in the world. Now, plan a break and have a Japanese vacation and explore the interesting places of the place.

One of the interesting place that must be first seen in Japan is the Akashi Kaikyo Bridge also known as Pearl Bridge and is considered the place finest engineering feat. The bridge is the longest suspension worldwide with 3911 meters in length. It also links the two cities, the Iwaya and Kobe by crossing the area Akashi strait. The construction of the bridge was finished for 12 years which they begin it in the year 1986 and finally completed by the year 1998.

As you continue to have your Japan vacation visit the finest temples in town such as the Asakusi Kannon temple also called as Sensoji a temple that is Buddhist found in Asakusa Taito, Tokyo. It was built by the best Japanese architecture during 645 A.D. The place is a popular district in Japan that is located at the center of the place called Shitmach that connotes low city or low town. This is one of the oldest temples in Tokyo and the most well-known one. There are also other temples that you can see as you go around Japan.

Japan Vacation will be complete if you have explored the place three most picturesque views. These are the Miyamiima, Amanohashidate and the Matsushima Bay. Mayiima is an island not big enough that can be reach less than an if you are in city of Hiroshima and it is known because of its giant torii gate that during high tide it will float at the top of the water. The Matsushima is a bay dotted by small islands and it is covered by pine trees that made a spectacular view. Lastly the Amanohashidate also known as bridge in heaven is s nice place where there is sand bar that can be viewed on both side of the bay beyond the hills that can be reached through a cable car or chairlift.

You should not miss to visit this few interesting places for this will really give you fun and excitement that you will cherish and share your experiences that you encountered while having your Japan vacation. If you want to have a stress free day then Japan is a good place for you to stay and have your stay in there. It is a striking place for you to travel around and witness what they have to offer you.

Things to do and food to eat in Fukuoka, Japan

Fukuoka isn't that small of a place. Actual numbers bring the population to about the 5 million mark, with the city having roughly 1.3 million people. With that amount of people around, you know there has got to be something to do. On any day of the week if you look you will be able to find something that interests you. There are often festivals in one area or another in Fukuoka city. With a little help from a friend or the domestic foreigner magazines and information centers you will be able to find out where the festivals are being held.

The center of Fukuoka city will have to be Tenjin (though others may argue it to be Hakata). It is the shopper’s haven of the prefecture. Feel you need to do a little shopping for some nice named brands from Italy or France? Head on over to Tenjin. Want to blow off some steam and hit a bar (including foreigner bars)? Tenjin is the place to be. Want to meet some new friends? Rainbow Plaza in... you guessed it, Tenjin, is the place to do just that.

Right next door to Tenjin is Nakasu. Nakasu hosts nightlife entertainment but tends to cater to the more affluent individual. However, Nakasu also has a huge shopping complex named Canal City which has so many shops that you wouldn't be able to count them all. The complex holds many restaurants, two hotels, a large cinema and in the center of Canal City is an area called Sun Plaza where it is common to find street performers doing their acts.

Of course Tenjin and Nakasu aren't the only place you can have fun. I live about 10 minutes away from Tenjin by subway in a town called Nishijin and I can do nearly as many things here as I can in Tenjin. Bowling, swimming, soccer, billiards, game centers, and even a movie theater are just a few of the things Nishijin and the nearby areas have to offer.

Yahoo Dome (formerly Fukuoka Dome) is located in Momochi which boarders the sea. Yahoo Dome is home to the Fukuoka Softbank Hawks. The Hawks are a strong baseball team, beloved by the city and its residents. In fact, there are only two teams in Japan's professional baseball league who attract more than one million fans to their home games per year, and the Hawks are one of them. When the Hawks don't have a home game you can sometimes find other activities occurring in the Dome. Yahoo Dome hosts various flea markets and concerts throughout the year.

Food, food, food!

As far as I'm concerned, Fukuoka has the best food to offer in all of Japan (though I hear food in Sapporo is quite good). Fukuoka has its own well known dishes and of course the chefs here are well capable of recreating dishes found throughout the world.

Yatai
When night begins to fall on Fukuoka city you may suddenly notice many little street vendors (usually operating out of their vans) popping up all over the sidewalks. These vendors serve a variety of foods ranging from ramen to yakiniku to tempura. Yatais themselves are really a site to see.

Hard Rock Cafe Fukuoka
On the occasions when I miss American and Mexican food, I always have the option to head on over to Hard Rock Cafe right next door to Fukuoka dome in Momochi. Momochi is adjacent to Nishijin so indeed I am in luck. Hard Rock Cafe Fukuoka boasts the largest restaurant of its kind in Japan. The food is fantastic and of course the atmosphere is like all other Hard Rock Cafes out there. The staff is very friendly and since I frequent their establishment often I am treated extremely well with occasional benefits.

Izakaya
Though not only found in Fukuoka, Izakaya restaurants deserve a notable mention. Izakayas offer a wide variety of food and more importantly drinks at a low price. University students as well as business men can often be found in these restaurants chatting with colleagues and drinking up a storm. All Izakayas offer a different ambiance, and with some searching you will be able to find one that suits you.

Famous Fukuoka food

Fukuoka ramen
Have you ever had that cup O ramen or that freeze dried packaged ramen? bah! throw that out and try some "Tonkatsu ramen" (pork ramen) famous in Fukuoka and well know throughout all of Japan. First time I tried it I was instantly hooked and to this day try and eat it once every week or so.

Mentaiko
Another famous food which Fukuoka is renowned for is mentaiko (very tiny fish eggs). To some people mentaiko may not seem very appetizing but please don't knock it till you try it. Mentaiko spaghetti, as an example, is a delicious treat around these parts. And there are of course many other recipes which have use for mentaiko.

Transportation

Unlike the nickname given to New York, Fukuoka does tend to get a little tired at night but usually not until quite late especially on weekends. One of the reasons for this in my humble opinion is the transportation shutdown at around midnight. That’s right, the subway, train, and bus system all but stops once you hit the AM. Which leaves the weary and, more often than not, drunk to either take a taxi home, walk, or I have even heard the "I will just stay up until the subway starts again at 6:00 before I go home" line used by those who just aren't finished partying when its time for the transportation system's last call. This isn't just a Fukuoka special, for the shutdown happens throughout the whole of Japan.

Though the transportation system does shutdown at perhaps inconvenient times, it is a wonderful system. Perfectly clean trains, buses and subways (which are amazingly quiet) are the consequence of the shutdown for they are all cleaned during the wee hours of the morning.

Location

Fukuoka is found on the southernmost island of the four main islands in Japan. The name of the island is Kyushu. Fukuoka happens to be closer to Seoul, South Korea than it is to Tokyo. Fukuoka prefecture is located on the northern tip of Kyushu.

Destination: Japan: Venturing Into The Offbeaten Region of Japan

On Honshu, the chief island of Japan, cities like Tokyo, Osaka, Kobe, and Kyoto lie on the east side, which is where most tourists normally go to experience East Asian culture. What few visitors to Japan don't realize is that San-in, an area located on the west side of Honshu, is flourishing with natural beauty and awe-inspiring historical attractions, not to mention that it is a welcome relief from other areas overrun with tourists. Thanks to modern technology, computer users interested in travelling to Japan can enlist for the World Wide Web information on the less-visited San-in.

Among the unusual sights in San-in that tourists will encounter are those in the ancient city of Hagi, which features sights that were erected during the samurai era of the 17th, 18th, and 19th centuries. Visitors can travel by bike and foot through the town to view the ruins of the Hagi castle, the houses of former samurai in the Horiuchi and Jokamachi districts, and pottery kilns that manufacture popular tea-ceremony wares.

Other cities on the San-in coast include Izumo, known for its captivating Shinto shrine, and Matsue, which sports not only the home of American writer Lafcadio Hearn, but also a museum bearing his name. Matsue is also host to Dogyorestu, a popular local festival with large floats and emphatic music. For lodging, the aforementioned three cities feature both traditional inns and a Youth Hostel. Future travellers to Japan that would like to know more about the lesser-known region of San-in can enlist the web site belonging to the Japan National Tourist Organization, which is listed below.

Osaka, Japan - Highlights

Osaka, Japan is Japan's second major city after Tokyo. The 'Venice of the East' as it is sometimes called because of its abundance of rivers, this industrial city is often ignored by travelers or merely passed through because most people prefer to see the ancient capitals of Kyoto and Nara located nearby. If one wishes to truly experience modern Japanese culture, look no further than Osaka itself. There are a number of fascinating cultural landmarks located in the city as well as excellent food that must be experienced here in what's known as the Nation's Kitchen (tenka no daidokoro in Japanese).

The most important place of interest is Osaka Castle. Originally built in 1583, it now houses a large museum of history relating to both the castle and the Osaka area as a whole. Cases line each floor with relics including swords, armor, and various objects used in the castle during its days of usage. The castle itself was destroyed on several occasions but was rebuilt each time.

Dotonburi is one of the top destinations for tourists in Osaka. This street is lined with shops and restaurants decorated with bright neon signs. The famous Glico Running Man sign as well as the drum playing clown doll Kuidaore Taro. Also found here is Kani Doraku, a giant mechanized crab built in 1960. Though these might seem like strange landmarks, they are famous throughout Japan as being Osakan.

Namba, the district that houses Dotonburi, is itself famous for the numerous shopping and commercial opportunities. Shops line every street. One notable shop is the Takashimaya department store, also famous throughout the country. Namba Parks is a new building containing offices and a shopping area as well as a rooftop garden. Food abounds in Namba and if one wishes to experience true Osaka cuisine they need look no further!

Osaka's main commercial district, Umeda, is famous for its department stores and theaters. Here you will find a number of fascinating places to shop, including the Yodobashi Camera electronics store, Hankyu Department Store, the Kinokuniya Book Store, and the Whitey underground shopping center that also connects the subway stations. Movie theaters and gaming centers also abound in Umeda. HEP Five and HEP Navio house a number of shops as well as the giant red ferris wheel that overlooks the entire city. The ferris wheel sits atop the building allowing patrons a magnificent view of this Japanese city's ocean of buildings and concrete.

Though these locations only scratch the surface of all there is to see in the Osaka area, one must not miss out on any opportunity to visit these historical and beautiful sights in Osaka, Japan!

Interesting Facts About Japan

Geography of Japan
Situated in Asia, Japan is immediate neighbor to China, Russia and Korea. Consisting of many islands, the four main and prominent ones are Honshu , Hokkaido , Kyushu and Shikoku .

Of these Honshu is the largest, measuring an area of 87,805 square miles. Almost 80 percent of the Japanese population lives here. Japan’s tallest mountain Mount Fuji (3,776m) is situated here. Although the volcano here has been dormant since 1708, geologists classify it as an active volcano. Tokyo stands on the Kanto plain. The Kanto plain is Japan’s largest lowland, spreading across from the Japanese Alps to the Pacific.

Situated northernmost, Hokkaido is the second largest of the four, covering an area of 30,144 square miles. Consisting mainly of mountains and forests, this island houses just 5% of Japan's total population. The economy here depends almost entirely on fishing, forestry and dairy farming. Sapporo is the largest city and administrative centre of Hokkaido.

Situated southernmost, Kyushu is the third largest of the four, covering an area of 14,114 square miles. About 11% of the Japanese population live here.

Shikoku the smallest of the four islands.

Japan is the 60th largest country in the world, slightly bigger than Germany and about 9 times the size of the Netherlands.

History of Japan
Japan has the oldest surviving monarchy, which happens to be the oldest continuous hereditary in the world.

Japan's national flag is called the Hinomaru . The flag has a red circle against a white background. This red circle symbolizes the rising sun. The Japanese deity "Amaterasu Omikami" is a sun goddess. "Nippon", Japan's name in Japanese, means "origin of the sun".

Kimigayo, which means "The Emperor's Reign", is Japan’s national anthem. The lyrics are from a 5-line, 31-syllable poem written in the tenth century. The music was composed in 1880 by an Imperial Court musician Hiromori Hayashi and later harmonized according to the Gregorian mode.

Life expectancy in Japan is one of the highest in the world. Very few countries like Hong Kong, Singapore, San Marino, Andorra, and Macau have a slightly higher life expectancy than Japan. On an average the Japanese lives 4 years longer than the American does.

Japanese facts
Being extremely earthquake prone Japan has an average of 1500 earthquakes every year.

The number of volcanoes in Japan is approximately 200.

Most of the Japanese have rice for/with their breakfast, lunch and dinner.

Vandalism rates in Japan are among the least in the world.

A vending machine for a variety of daily requirements is installed at practically every corner in Japanese cities.

Fruits are forbiddingly expensive in Japan. You could end up paying up to $2 for a single apple or peach.

The Japanese love their pizzas topped with mayonnaise and corn.

Haiku is Japanese poetry consisting of only 3 lines.

Kendo, meaning "the way of the sword’, is Japan’s oldest form of martial arts.

Origami is an ancient Japanese art of paper folding.

Sushi (popular worldwide) is a Japanese delicacy of rice and fish dipped in vinegar, wrapped in seaweed.

Japanese always remove their footwear before entering a home. This is to keep the tatami (mat) clean. The tatami is used for sitting on while eating.

The Japanese eat with chopsticks known as hashi.

The Japanese will shop daily for their meat, fish and vegetable requirements, as they like all their food fresh and unpreserved. This is one of the prime reasons that small and medium sized refrigerators are sold the most in Japan.

Rice is a staple food and served at almost every meal.

Miso soup is an all time favorite and could be served for breakfast, lunch or dinner. Its main ingredients are a soybean paste dissolved in a seaweed stock.

A traditional Japanese breakfast is steamed rice topped with natto (fermented soy beans).

Tea is served with practically all meals.

Many women wear platform shoes that are 4 to 6 inches high.

Slippers are worn in the house, never shoes.

Slippers are never worn while sitting on the tatami to have your meals.

Noh, an ancient and very popular type of Japanese theatre can last for up to eight hours.

While smoking is allowed practically anywhere in Japan, you are not allowed to smoke in local trains. Long distance trains have got designated smoking zones.

Japanese do not submerge themselves into the bath tub and then lather.

They soap outside the tub and rinse it off. Only then do they submerge themselves neck deep into the hot water to refresh and relax.

Japanese use a lot of fish, beef, pork, chicken and variety of seafood in their cooking. Most of their dishes are mildly spiced, flavored with a variety of soy sauces.

Japanese drive on the left, and have their steering wheels on the right, exactly opposite of what it is in America.

In Japanese villages there is no need to send invitations for a wedding or a funeral. They are considered community events and the entire village will help in preparing the food, and taking care of all the required arrangements.

While eating in Japan never put in your chopstick upright into the bowl. In the past this was the way to offer food to the dead.

You enjoy slurping while eating, but can’t do it when people (your family, friends, office staff, guests etc. etc.) are around. Japan is the place for you to be in. Here, you are expected to slurp while having liquids such as soups. If you do not, it is considered that you do not like the food and the host may feel offended.

Finally, the Japanese are extremely courteous people. If you require something, they will go out of their way and try to help you.

Japanese Art and Language

A technological leader located on over three thousand islands in East Asia, Japan has a truly fascinating history, the second largest economy in the world, a challenging language, prolific arts, a diverse population.

Japan has a rich history of art spanning over centuries. Painting is the traditional form of art. Native painting techniques are mixed with techniques from continental Asia and the West to create a hybrid style of modern Japanese art. Calligraphy, also known as Sumi-e, is also a highly valued form of art. Calligraphers make ink by grinding a solid ink stick on stone and mixing it with water and compose phrases, poems, stories, and single characters in unique handwritten fonts.

Visitors to Japan will know that sculptures of Buddhist images is a common art form The most common images are of Tathagata, Bodhisattva and My0-0. Another unique are form is ikebana, the art of flower arrangement. It focuses on the use of harmony, color, rhythm, and design to express the season and symbolize greater things than the flower itself. Ukiyo-e means "pictures of the floating world" and is the Japanese form of woodblock printing. The most famous print is The Great Wave at Kanagawa by Hokusai. Traditional Japanese architecture is exemplified by temples, Shinto shrines, and castles in Kyoto and Nara. Famous modern architects include Yoshio Taniguchi and Tadao Ando, whose styles are a fusion of Japanese and Western influences.

The Japanese language consists of three scripts—Kanji, Hiragana, and Katakana. There are many more dialects than scripts. In central Japan the Western-type dialects are most prevalent. The Tokyo-type dominates in Western Japan and Kyushu-type is the least common dialect. In modern Japanese the Latin alphabet romaji is sometimes used. Japanese is one of the most difficult languages to learn. Choosing the right program is paramount in learning the language.

Japanese Names and Meanings

Call it the land of the Geisha or the land of the Samurai; Japan has its influence on all parts of the world. The biggest influence of the Japanese culture on the world is the popularity of Japanese cuisine especially Sushi. We all love sushi, in fact in America; sushi is so popular that there is now the California Maki-Zushi. If you loved the book Memoirs of a Geisha, and cant live without sushi and have been known to host little Japanese tea ceremonies in your house, you have an ongoing love affair with Japan and all things Japanese.

And now the best part is you have found out that you are pregnant, and you don’t mind giving your baby a unique name… a Japanese name. Here is a list of Japanese names, categorized according to sex and given with their meanings:

Japanese Male Names

    * Ai – Love
    * Akio – Bright boy
    * Goro – Fifth
    * Haru – One born in the spring
    * Haruki – Shinning brightly
    * Haruko – First born
    * Hiroshi – Generous
    * Jiro – Second male
    * Kaeomon – Joyful.
    * Kana – Powerful
    * Keiji – Lead cautiously
    * Keitaro – Blessed
    * Kuri – Chestnut
    * Makoto - Sincere, Honest
    * Matsu – Pine
    * Ringo - Apple
    * Rya - Dragon
    * Shino - Stem Of Bamboo
    * Tamasine - Twin
    * Toshi - Mirror Image
    * Washi - Eagle
    * Yasuo - Peaceful One
    * Yo - Cultivating
    * Yoshi - Quiet
    * Yukio - Gets What He Wants

Japanese Female Names

    * Aiko - Little Loved One
    * Amarante - Flower That Never Fades
    * Amaya - Night Rain
    * Aneko - Older Sister
    * Ayame - Iris
    * Chika - Near
    * Emiko - Blessed, Beautiful Child
    * Gen - Spring
    * Gin - Silver
    * Hana – Bud, Blossom
    * Hide - Excellent
    * Hiroko - Magnanimous
    * Hisano - Open Plain
    * Hoshiko - Star
    * Inari - Shrimp
    * Jin - Tenderness
    * Kagami - Mirror
    * Kaida- Little Dragon
    * Kaiya- Forgiveness
    * Kaiyo- Forgiveness
    * Kamin - Joyful
    * Kaori - Strong
    * Kaoru - Fragrant
    * Kata - Worthy
    * Keiko - Blessing
    * Kimi - She Who Is Without Equal
    * Kioko - Meets World With Happiness
    * Kohana - Little Flower
    * Koko - Stork
    * Koto - Harp
    * Kumiko - Braid
    * Kuniko - Child From The Country
    * Kura - Treasure House
    * Kyoko - Mirror
    * Leiko - Arrogant
    * Machiko - Fortunate One
    * Maeko - Truthful Child
    * Maemi - Honest Child
    * Mai - Brightness
    * Mariko - Circle
    * Masako - Justice
    * Michi - Righteous Way
    * Michiko - Beauty, Wisdom
    * Midori - Green
    * Mieko - Already Prosperous
    * Miki - Flower Stalk
    * Mina - South
    * Miya - Sacred House
    * Miyo - Beautiful Child
    * Miyoko - Beautiful Child
    * Mura - Village
    * Nami - Wave
    * Nariko - Thunder
    * Nishi - West
    * Oki - Ocean Centered
    * Sachi - Girl Child Of Bliss
    * Sada - Pure One
    * Sakura - Cherry Blossom
    * Sukey - From The Name Susan
    * Suki - Beloved
    * Suzuki - Bell Tree
    * Tama - Whole, Perfect
    * Toki - Time Of Opportunity
    * Umeko - Plum Blossom Child
    * Uta - Poem
    * Wattan - From The Homeland
    * Yachi - Eight Thousand
    * Yama - Mountain
    * Yoko - Positive Child
    * Yori -Reliable
    * Yoshe - Beauty
    * Yoshiko - Good Child
    * Yoshino - Respectful, Good
    * Yuki - Snow Or Lucky

Trends in Japanese Fashion

The Japanese people have seen varied changes in their fashion trends from the olden days till date. Today, with the mix of various cultures, even the basic kimono has seen a marked difference in the way it is worn. The Japanese people are also heavily influenced by their idols. Today, the streets of Japan showcase a wide variety and mixture of traditional and ultra modern fashions.

Let us look at some of the hottest and popular styles that are donned and flaunted by most Japanese people today.

Kimono:
Although most Japanese women may not wear the kimono on an everyday basis, it still remains to be one of the most popular fashion items. The Kimono is a form of traditional Japanese clothing and was worn on an everyday basis till the middle of the 19th century.
One can see many styles being developed from its basic form. Today, the Kimono is worn for different festivals and occasions. The kimonos range from the furisode (formal wear for unmarried ladies), the Irotomesode (worn by married ladies), the Homongi (worn at formal parties) to the Susohiki (worn by the stage performers). The patterns may wary in terms of print, texture and fabric.

Shirt Dresses:
The fashion of shirt dresses although in vogue a few years back, is still very much rampant on the runways and streets of Japan. This one-piece dress is popular due to the versatility it offers. They look fabulous when paired with leggings for an evening out, or can be worn with trousers for a formal look at work. Shirt dresses are generally made of chiffon fabrics with plain or striped patterns. Some of them are little on the wilder side with polka dots, checks, flowers and even materials made of lace. A shirt dress also works as a great outerwear and can be thrown onto a short shirt.

Dresses:
Feminine dresses are still a rage in the Japanese fashion. The designs are available in a mind-boggling range and can be casual or formal as per one’s personal taste. Flower patterns and cleaner silhouettes are catching on amongst the Japanese women. The hottest fashions include body hugging dresses, wrap dresses, A-line dresses and sporty dresses. Because the versatility and comfort factor rates high, one can find a lot of stores that stock these varieties. These dresses are primarily popular because they basically highlight the feminity of a woman. From conservative to wild, the choice rests solely on the buyer.

Leggings and Layered Tops:
The bare leg trend has given way to leggings and layered tops. The craze for the leggings has passed on from the trendy Japanese teenagers to the fashion conscious Japanese workingwomen as well. Apart from vivid colors, the leggings are also available in funky patterns. These are knee length or ankle length. Long layered tops with clean lines are also being seen in the hippest eat-outs of Japan. Girls are also known to combine camisoles, tank tops and sleeveless garments to get a layered look.

Balloon Skirts:
Balloon skirts are back in the spotlight. With major brands joining the bandwagon, the balloon skirts also offer flexibility as it can be teamed with high-necked collar knits or even a puffy sleeved blouse. Now, voluminous clothes being back in vogue, the balloon skirt is here to stay.

Empire Babydoll Dress:
The empire babydoll dress has also gained status amongst the Japanese women because the designs and the fabrics are ultra feminine. Very popular with women in their early twenties and even the teenagers, popular fabrics for the empire baby doll dress include lightweight, soft chiffons, rayons with lots of ribbons and lace.

Japanese Platform Shoes:
The Geta sandals or the clogs were very popular before the 1970’s and were worn with the Kimono’s. The reasons were for practical reasons rather than purely for fashion. Geta consist of one-piece solid wood and are generally very difficult to walk in.

Japanese History and Business Culture

Japan was ruined in World War II, but only within few decades Japanese people made the world recognize Japan as one of the Economic Super Powers. The secrets of this amazing success lies in Japan's history and business culture. Japan's managerial techniques and cultural patterns are now collectively called as Japanese Management Style or Theory Z.

Though the management gurus started studying Japanese business culture within past few decades, the roots of it's success can be traced in the modernization program that began in the late 19th century.

Dr. William Ouchi coined the term Theory Z of management styles in a response to the established theories of X and Y style of management. Theory X states that workers inherently dislike and avoid the work while Theory Y states that the work is natural and can be source of satisfaction. The Theory Z focuses on stable life-long employment, high productivity with high employee morale and satisfaction.

The Theory Z or Japanese Style of Management stands on Dr. Deming's 14 Principles of Management. Deming was advisor for many Japanese business leaders. Japanese Emperor Hirohito awarded 'Second Order of the Sacred Treasure' to Dr. Deming for his constructive work in Japan.

Some of key practices commonly associated with Japanese Business Culture are:

    * Stable Long Term Employment: Most of the Japanese companies recruits their employees just after their graduation. These employees then stay with the company until the retirement. Japanese business culture gives less importance to the specialization. Job rotation, broadening of the skills and continuous training are the characteristics of the Long Term employment. Some of the key concepts in the the life long employment culture are
          o Emphasis on scientific management
          o Concern for employees and their families
          o Seniority based compensation system

    * In-house Management Training: As continuous training is an integral part of the business culture, in-house training becomes important. The continuous training is given in the form of job rotation enabling managers to understand a number of varied operation.
    * Ringi System: It is the traditional decision making process in Japanese Business culture. This decision making system is the collective decision making process and is highly decentralized. Only after the consensus is reached the decision is taken. If the decision is successful, then the one who has advocated it gets the credit but interesting part is that in the event of unsuccessful decision making top management takes the responsibility for the failure. The drawback of the Ringi system is that it is slow process.
    * Emphasis on the Quality Control and Quality Circles: In Japanese Business Culture, Quality control is the center of the production process. Everyone in the company is trained in the quality control process. Typically Quality Circles are established which is the group of about 10 people. The foreman serves as the group leader. The meeting of the group is held every week often on the time suitable to the members. The groups discusses the statistical details of their quality issues. Thus it increases the participation of the employee in the company affairs and management gets valuable suggestions.

Sakura - Japanese Cherry Blossoms

Japanese are known to be very hardworking people. March is especially busy with accounts to be finalized, school graduations and government transfers. Then, April arrives with a breath of fresh air and brings with it Sakura which makes the focus move from hard work to hard playing.

Japanese cherry blossoms, known as Sakura are Japan’s unofficial national flower. The blooming of these blossoms has been celebrated for many centuries and has been a very prominent part of the Japanese culture. There are a wide variety of cherry trees in Japan, most of which bloom for a couple of days in spring. The Japanese celebrate this time of the year with ‘Hanami’ that is cherry blossom viewing parties right under the blooming trees.

Cherry blossoms symbolize the transience of life because of their extremely short blooming duration. Falling blossoms are considered to be metaphors for fallen warriors who died bravely in a battle.

Hanami Festival

The Japanese nobility during the Heian period (794 – 1191) wanted to follow many practices from China including the prominent phenomenon of hanami that is flower viewing where people would gather under the blossoms.

Well, the Japanese have come a long way and now the Japanese Meteorological Agency along with the public track the ‘sakura zensen’ that is the cherry blossom front as it moves north up the archipelago with the approach of the warm weather. The blossoming reaches Tokyo towards the end of March or the beginning of April.

During the festival, people come out in large numbers at parks, temples and shrines with family and friends to hold flower viewing parties. The festival is held to celebrate the beauty of sakura and gives the people a chance to enjoy, relax and enjoy a beautiful view. From a distance, these trees appear as beautiful clouds while the beauty of single blossoms can be enjoyed from a closer distance. In some places, the blossoms are lit up in the evenings, which add to the beauty of the blossoms.

Traditionally, hanami involves a picnic party under the blooming trees. These parties have been a part of the Japanese culture for centuries and these days they are held both at public and private gardens across Japan. Some spots have been identified as particularly beautiful for viewing the cherry blossoms and can get crowed. It is a common practice to reserve a picnic spot at these popular places long before the party is to be held. The typical way of reserving a spot is by spreading one’s sheet at the spot early in the morning and marking it either by the group’s name or the party’s time along with the starting time of the picnic. Another common method of reserving a spot is by having someone positioned on the spot till the rest of the group arrives to begin the picnic.

Types of Sakura

There are more than a 100 varieties of cherry trees in Japan. ‘Somei Yoshino’ is the most popular variety of sakura in Japan. The flowers produced by these trees are almost pure white with a pale pink near the stem. They bloom and usually fall off within a week before the leaves come out. While the flowers have bloomed and not fallen off, the tree looks white from top to bottom.

‘Yaezakura’, ’Shidarezakura’ and ‘Yamazakura’ are the other categories of sakura. While the Yaezakura has large flowers with thick petals that are rich pink in color, Shidarezakura also known as weeping cherry has branches that fall like those of a weeping willow and bears cascades of pink flowers.

Sakura in United States

In 1912, Japan gifted 3000 sakura trees to the United States to celebrate the growing friendship between the two nations. These trees are lined at the Tidal Basin in Washington D.C. This gift was again renewed in 1965 with 3800 sakura plants. These trees blossom in March and continue to be a very popular tourist attraction. Hanami is also celebrated in other cities like Philadelphia and Georgia annually.

I believe that Sakura provide us with one more way to admire the hard work that God has put in to make this beautiful world for us. It is up to us to enjoy the beauty and be eternally grateful.

Japanese Temples

A vibrant place, Japan is a country that has seen a great evolution over the years in many aspects. Contemporary Japanese culture today still has many traces of ancient Japanese traditions.

In Japan, one can find an interesting mix of people who do not belong to one primary religion. The native religion of Japan is Shintoism. This religion has been in existence since the prehistoric times. Buddhism is yet another religion that is prominent in Japan with a large number of followers. A day in the life of a Japanese person would reveal their beliefs, which are deeply embedded in the teachings of these two religions. The beautiful Japanese temples are a testimony of the millions of devotees who visit these sacred places. The many Buddhist temples in Japan and the Shinto shrines continue to attract devotees and visitors from all across the globe. According to the Japanese language, tera is the word used to describe a Buddhist temple. A trip to Japan would help you to discover these interesting Japanese temples and feel their sanctity in person. Here, we shall look at the architectural splendor of the Buddhist temples in Japan.

The Magnificence of Buddhist Temples in Japan:
Buddhist temples follow the same basic set of principles that are used in other architectural structures in Japan. The basic architectural elements always involve the use of wooden columns. These columns are further placed on large stones. This is what helps to balance an entire structure. Many Japanese temples still follow the basic principle of a sloping roof. The ancient temples of Japan are characterized by their typical upturned corners.

The earlier Buddhist temples always had a particular pattern in its architectural design. The temple always has a gate, tower, kondo and kodo. The pagoda is one such structure that has its basis on the Indian stupa. The gates usually mark the entrance to the temple. Apart from the main gate, there are several other gates across the temple grounds. The lecture halls (kodo) are used for worship and also to conduct meetings. The main halls (kondo) are areas, which have the presence of the sacred objects (beautiful statues) of worship. In many temples, there is a large distance maintained from the image of the Buddha and the worshipers. The bell is yet another interesting element of these Buddhist temples. These are rung for 108 times on New Years Eve, which is based on a Buddhist ideal.

The location of the Buddhist temples is based on certain concepts. The Japanese follow a particular theory in this regard. There are many beliefs and customs associated with the location of these temples.

Oldest Wooden Temple: Hōryū-ji Temple
The Hōryū-ji temple is known the world over and is also a UNESCO World Heritage Site. This temple is popular as one of the oldest wooden buildings in the entire world. Currently, this temple is divided into two areas. Once side has the five - storied pagoda in the west and the eastern side contains the quarters for the monks. The splendid architecture of the temple is not the only factor that adds to the charm of this sacred place. One can find some amazing pieces of art in this temple. The frescoes and the beautiful murals add to the beauty of the temple. These are considered to be the treasures of this Buddhist temple.

A visit to Japan should be a must if you wish to experience the peace and purity of these Japanese temples. A personal trip would explain the beauty and splendor of these magnificent structures, something that can’t be done only with words!

Japanese Clothing

First and foremost, what we foreigners must know about Japanese clothing is that in ordinary day-to-day life, most Japanese wear normal western clothes like shirts and trousers. Japanese look quite suave in their western attire too, as is seen in their dapper looks in corporate offices in places like Tokyo and others. But what holds the world's interest more about the Japanese clothing is their traditional wear. Most outsiders do not know anything beyond the kimono when it comes to Japanese clothing, but it must be noted that the Japanese people have a wealth of traditional garb.

The following is a brief description of some of the traditional clothes that the Japanese wear.

Kimono

Worn by – both men and women

Kimono is the most definitive Japanese garment, but what most people don't know is that there are kimonos for men too. But the kimonos for men are not so very flashy and elaborate, they are just simple loosely-seamed and garments with narrower sleeves than those for women.

Women have some really dazzling styles of kimonos available to them, and each one of them is quite a prize to possess. Kimonos are made of silk and they are extremely expensive. The designs on kimonos are mostly unique, which means, you will not be able to find two kimonos of the very same kind. There are many different parts that make up a kimono and each of the parts has a name of its own. Even the opening under the sleeve has a name in Japanese, for that matter. That just goes to indicate how detailed and methodical the Japanese are about everything, even the clothes that they wear.

Kimonos are typically worn with an obi, i.e. the sash that holds it in place. Unique shoes such as geta or zori are worn with the kimono. Women look charming in a kimono, but in today's times the tragedy is that most women cannot wear their own kimono. In times of yore, there were women who used to hire people especially to help them wear their kimonos. Today, that kind of frivolousness is not rampant, but women still look for assistance to get dressed up in kimonos. The direct result of this is that prominence of the kimonos themselves has effectively reduced in Japanese clothing.

Junihitoe

Worn by – mostly women

The junihitoe is an advanced form of the kimono, if that were actually possible! In Japanese parlance, junihitoe literally translates to 'robe of twelve layers' and indeed the junihitoe is made to be such elaborate attire. In traditional times, it was worn only by highborn Japanese ladies. The robe is predominantly made of silk and the innermost layer is of the purest white silk. The other layers all drape one after the other over this innermost layer, and the outermost layer, which is designed like a coat is the one that lends the colorful and artistic appeal to the garment.

The junihitoe is a very expensive garment, and is rarely available outside Japan. Even within Japan, it is difficult to get a junihitoe nowadays. The garment is designed with the greatest of esthetic styles. When you see scenes of Japanese regal ladies with very detailed fans in their hands, you are probably seeing them dressed in a junihitoe.

Yukata

Worn by – women and sometimes men

Yukata is a thin garment that is worn by Japanese women in the hot summer months. This is a very simple garment worn in the kimono style, but it is not as elaborate as the kimono. Literally, yukata means 'bath clothes', but in reality these clothes are worn for several occasions and even some festivals and events like the fireworks displays.

The basic difference between the kimono and the yukata is that the kimono is necessarily made of silk, but the yukata is made of cotton. The structure of the dress is basically the same, but it is less complex. Today, you can find the yukata in several interesting colors, but the traditional yukatas were always made of indigo dyed cotton.

The way the women wear a yukata make them quite stylish, just like the manner in which a kimono is worn. The yukata is kept in place with an obi and they are almost always accessorized with a geta, which are traditional wooden sandals.

The yukata has some traditional and cultural significance too. Normally, the left end of the yukata is meant to be wrapped over the right side. The reverse is worn only for dead people who are leaving in their funerals. Even among the wrestlers, there's some significance. If a wrestler is wearing a yukata in the cold months, then you must understand this is a junior wrestler. It is mandatory for junior wrestlers to wear yukata all times of the year.

Japanese Zodiac Calendar

Though Japan, in the 19th century, moved rapidly towards Westernization and industrialization, the lunar calendar still continues to influence the daily life and actions of people. The Chinese calendar was originally based on gauging the waxing and waning phases of the moon. Having learnt astrology from the Chinese, the earliest extant Japanese horoscope dates back to 1112 A.D., though there have been references upon this stream in 700 A.D. as well. This calendar is based on years and not months. The peasantry used to meticulously observe which time and season is best for the operations of agriculture on basis of this calendar.

The system of the twelve-year cycle of the animal signs was built from the observations of the orbit of Jupiter around the sun. The astronomers divided the celestial circle into twelve sections and rounded it up to 12 years (11.86). The 60 year cycle is made of two distinct and separate cycles that interact with each other. The first is the cycle of ten heavenly stems, which are the five elements - wood, fire, earth, metal and water, in both their Yin and Yang forms. The second is the cycle of the twelve Zodiac animal signs or Earthly Branches. They are in order as follows: the rat, ox, tiger, rabbit, dragon, snake, horse, sheep, monkey, rooster, dog, and boar. In fact, there are also animal signs assigned by month, called inner animals, and hours of the day, which are called secret animals. The secret animal is considered the true self according to the time when you were born. With this information, let's study the Japanese zodiac calendar in detail.

The Japanese Zodiac Signs

      1. Rat - 鼠 Nezumi

      2. Ox – 牛 Ushi

      3.Tiger – 虎Tora

      4.Rabbit – 兎 Usagi

      5.Dragon – 龍 Tatsu

      6.Snake – 蛇 Hebi

      7.Horse – 馬 Uma

      8.Sheep – 羊 Hitsuji

      9.Monkey - 猿 Saru

      10.Rooster – 鶏 Tori

      11.Dog – 犬 Inu

      12.Boar – 猪 Inoshishi


The Rat - 鼠 Nezumi

Yang, 1st Trine, Fixed Element Water

Year: 2008, 1996, 1984, 1972, 1960, 1948, 1936, 1924

Month: January

Hour: 23:00 – 01:00

Rat symbolizes busy activity and charm with a tinge of guile. They can be quite expressive and talkative sometimes, though mostly always keeping their problems to themselves and hardly ever confiding.

Being the first sign of the Japanese zodiac calendar, the Rat quite aptly represents initiation of action. They're always on the move mentally, even when they appear to be relaxed and resting. Their mind is running and working at great momentum. A lot of times, their mental activity revolves around devising a plan to make a lot of lazy money, more money and do less work. They prefer their own rules to those of others.

They are quite resourceful and if they think they're lacking in competence, they more than compensate for it by a thinking that is quick and as sharp as a tack, their cunning and utter deviousness. They most effectively approach life in a more direct way, if not an aggressive one. Rats are quite proactive and are most comfortable, making their decisions by way of solid logic.

They're constantly swimming in their heads and are easily provoked. Their becoming easily and quickly agitated, terribly annoyed and edgy is quite a tell-tale sign of their impatience whilst dealing with people who aren't quite as quick-witted as they are. If they understand that they too have their own limitations and realize these and where they lie, the Rat can become quite a powerful force by way of their humility; as they would curtail their aggression to a far extent; because, if the Rat becomes overly cocky and overconfident in his ability to get out of any situation no matter how tight, the Rat may find himself in a hole where no amount of his intelligence or cunning will come to his rescue.

Rats love challenges and the thrill of living dangerously. They are, however, quite quick and remarkably good at solving the toughest problems you may have that require a lot of thinking and coming up with astonishingly workable solutions.

Although a Rat can advise you thoroughly well, that too with wise advices, they seldom ever can decide for themselves as the direction of their winds change all the time.

They are hungry for power and money at times, and can become gamblers, petty and manipulative. Their greed, however, like anyone else's greed can lead them to their own mouse-trap!

Due to their stimulating intellect and great sense of humor, Rats are great to have around as company and will often be audaciously charming and witty.

They make good politicians and businessmen.

The Rat in Relationships
The Rat is a clannish person. Even though he may often hog up the limelight in social gatherings, he prefers spending most of his time with his inner circle. The Rat prefers a partner who enjoys the company of his family and his small group of friends. The Rat isn't going to be one of the most thrilled people to take you to large, social gatherings in a fever of impatience.

The Rat is quite an opportunist and then he loves to switch on his charm, manipulating people who are vulnerable. They hardly ever have any trouble attracting members of the opposite sex. They have a slight romantic streak, but veering more towards being sensual and charming, and falling in love easily, but can size up potential partners with the same vigor as business deals and usually don't go rushing about to be in a committed relationship.

Rats are capable of using their charm to their own advantage. They easily gain confidence of those around them, and can make people tell all their juicy secrets, whilst others know too little about them. Rats aren't too beyond using information to their own advantage. Their charm serves them quite well as they do like being sociable and enjoying parties. They have a wide circle of friends and are quite attractive to members of the opposite sex. Rats get along with a lot of people and don't quite tolerate incompetence.

At Best: Forthright, tenacious, intense, meticulous, charismatic, sensitive, hardworking, industrious, charming, great virtuosity, determined to succeed, eloquent, sociable, artistic, shrewd.

At Worst: Manipulative, vindictive, self-destructive, mendacious, venal, obstinate, critical, over-ambitious, ruthless, intolerant, scheming.



The Ox - 牛 Ushi

Yin, 2nd Trine, Fixed Element Water

Year: 1997, 1985, 1973, 1961, 1949, 1937, 1925, 1913

Month: February

Hour: 01:00 – 03:00

This sign, like the sturdiness of the Ox himself, is quite dependable. They instinctively become a shoulder for the load in all the relationships they have; whether it's family, friends or loved ones. Most people might think of this as a heavy burden, but the Ox does it smoothly and is happy with the satisfaction he gets out of it. They aren't quite the ones that will be dancing in the middle of the dance-floor at a party and be all over the place, but are more tranquil.

They have a fantastically good memory and can narrate to you incidences right out of their photographic memory.

Once the Ox sets his sight on a particular thing or doing something, he does it with an undaunted tenacity and his is a determination guided from within. People can see it as dreadful stubbornness when they get into other people's way, by way of being in the process of getting what they aim for.

Outwardly, the Ox appears quite calm, as though he weren't career driven. But they are quite ambitious. For them to realize their full potential, the Ox needs a lot of love and support from an environment that is familiar, where they can find happiness for others and mainly themselves.

The Ox in Relationships
For a woman who is an Ox, she is quite likely to choose a partner thoroughly unsuited for herself. It is best for her to listen to the opinions of the ones she trusts and is close to, before making any sort of commitment.

Although they are mostly always inclined to being rather independent and self-reliant, they will not hesitate to give you a shoulder to cry on or an ear or a heart that you may pour out to. Of all the signs, Ox is the one to carry the weight on their shoulders, and they do it with ease. They make very reliable partners.

Sometimes, they may be quite reserved and unapproachable. However good-hearted they may be, they tend to veer easily towards being quite cold and materialistic. It may appear, at times, that they are more interested in things of a material nature than people, although this may not be necessarily true.

At Best: Dependable, ambitious, calm, methodical, born leader, patient, hardworking, accommodating to others, masterful with certain skills, conventional, steady, modest, logical, resolute, tenacious.

At Worst: Stubborn, narrow-minded, materialistic, rigid, demanding.



The Tiger - 虎 Tora

Yang, 3rd Trine, Fixed Element Wood

Year: 1998, 1986, 1974, 1962, 1950, 1938, 1926, 1914

Month: March

Hour: 03:00 – 05:00

Tigers are keenly adventurous and flamboyantly courageous. They are natural born leaders and aren't afraid to set ablaze new trails that other people might fear to tread on. They are most certainly independent and are willing to walk their new discovered paths alone if they need to. They have an unwavering determination about them, making them growlingly fierce competitors.

They are passionate star performers, and with their magnetic personalities, they often get a lot of attention. They're dynamic and vivid, and they command presence when in a group, creating excitement.

On the other hand though, Tigers can be as kittenish and naughty as innocuously playful kittens. They have a great sense of humor and enjoy making people laugh, in order to divert people from a serious nature which they have inside, and may not be quite so comfortable with themselves.

Often very empathetic and sensing what it is that people really need and responding to it with firm and warm compassion and a sincere desire to help, Tigers have a kind and gentle side that creates the ray of a genuine humanitarian in them. They are immensely affectionate towards their friends and family. Charitable at heart, the Tiger is deeply moved by anyone who is most in need. They can be boisterously outspoken in the ugly face of injustice.

However, when swayed by frustration over people and happenings, the Tiger can plummet into emotional distress and become overly anxious and despairingly edgy. This unsettling uneasiness of mind can come from brooding over a dark fear about some contingency or simply feeling like he's in a situation which induces into him the feeling of standing on the edge of a steep cliff, making him rather passionately impatient and thoughtlessly impulsive. All this leads him into making some rash decisions, which may not always yield positive outcomes. This can pretty much be termed as the "fools rush in" disposition and nature. They have a hard time understanding the meaning of 'moderation'.

The Tiger in Relationships
The Tiger is flamingly passionate and can be hopelessly romantic, and not too far from the possibility of marrying more than once. They do not shy away from displaying their genuine emotions and may perhaps do it in brazen ways that may make a being of a more subdued nature, flinch with more than a little astonishment. Tigers are given to having quite some immensely intense love affairs.

For Tigers, it is best to not hold back their horses, especially the black wild ones, in the unfettered frenzy of their youth, so that they get all they want out of life; get a little bored of it, if not a lot, and later be more than happy to settle down with a beautiful and devotedly faithful spouse. The Tiger will always want to dominate in their relationships; but can never be quite happy until they find someone they respect too. They need a person who's nature is built of strong fibers, as they may be too intimidating for a person in whose nature the word 'tenderness' may be the closest befitting description.

They are proud of being able to take care of themselves and don't want anyone to mother them. The Tiger's passions and romanticism makes them rather active and sensuous lovers; their sense of adventure spices everything up all the more. Tigers have their romantic interests at peak when they're visiting some exotic place.

At Best: Unpredictable, rebellious, vivid, powerful, passionate, daring, understanding, audacious, impulsive, vigorous, stimulating, sincere, affectionate, humanitarian, generous.

At Worst: Restless, reckless, impatient, quick-tempered, obstinate, selfish, aggressive, moody.



The Rabbit - 兎 Usagi

Yin, 4th Trine, Fixed Element Wood

Year: 1999, 1987, 1975, 1963, 1951, 1939, 1927, 1915

Month: April

Hour: 05:00 – 07:00

And now down to the fluffy Rabbits who are mainly peacemakers and dislike conflicts, as nothing upsets them so much. They are blessed with excellent diplomatic skills, and if there's a conflict between your friends, they jump to make peace, with supersonic speed. Their unassuming presence and calm modesty gives their hands a touch to smooth out any ruffled feathers. Sensitively aware and kind, the Rabbit does thoughtful little things for the happiness of others. The Rabbit never hesitates from extending his love and kindness to animals, and it is usually there, that people see a heaven of the gentlest side of the Rabbit. They love every little creature they come across.

Rabbits have great passion and a highly developed aesthetic sense and have exquisite taste in their mode of dress and the arts. They're terrifically suave and are always seen flaunting the latest trends, appropriately dressed for any occasion. If they aren't artists themselves, they have quite a steep inclination towards arts and excellent appreciation, making them good, observant critics.

Rabbits are devoted to peace and sometimes may go to lengths to make sure they have it even if it may come across as negative to many others who see it as merely love of comfort. Their sensitive being tends to quite wither away with every singe of criticism. They do, however, aggressively pursue their comforts with a subtly hedonistic streak. They will find themselves at home even in the midst of a luxurious mall with tasteful things. A lot of times, to protect their tender hearts, Rabbits may choose to detach themselves, but it isn't entirely because they're snobs or stuck up, but because the world sometimes just seems too horribly harsh and overwhelmingly intimidating. Rabbits can be moody - broodingly sulky one moment and excitedly genial in the next breath.

In spite of being, at times, a bit aloof from the world, the Rabbit craves for company of people and are very well adept at social relations by way of diplomacy too. The Rabbit can be manipulative, and he's good at it. His motives however aren't evil at all, as he's only trying to get someone else to do something that he would consider rather unpleasant to handle himself, or to simply buy something for you as long as it circumscribes luxury and all that falls in it. They are absolute go-getters.

The Rabbit in Relationships
Rabbits need someone gentle and empathetic to keep them happy. It would certainly better the situation if they had a fair amount of money for the comforts that they need when the world turns to being not too far from cruel for them. They love the feeling of being secure, making relationships and the feeling of this security that stems from it is rather important for them, so they can go about being social too. Rabbits feel vulnerable when it comes to giving out details about their personal life.

Rabbits are comfortable with letting their partner lead the way, however they do have a passive-aggressive side as well. They can get their way by cleverly getting their partners to do their bidding for them, by using indirect approaches.

When they're hurt in a relationship, they don't fall down one step, but the whole flight of stairs and it takes quite a while to pick themselves up and a bit longer for the wounds to heal. A night at the theater or a lovely restaurant brings out their intricate romantic side.

At Best: Gracious, good friend, kind, sensitive, soft-spoken, amiable, elegant, reserved, cautious, honorable, skillful, someone who has earned credence, artistic, thorough, tender, self-assured, shy, astute, compassionate, lucky, flexible.

At Worst: Moody, detached, superficial, self-indulgent, opportunistic, stubborn.



The Dragon – 龍 Tatsu

Yang, 1st Trine, Fixed Element Wood

Year: 2000, 1988, 1976, 1964, 1952, 1940, 1928, 1916

Month: May

Hour: 07:00 – 09:00

The Dragon is a visionary with colorfully grandiose goals. They're capable of brazenly confronting and accepting challenges that are often seen as being out of reach at all. Dragons will do all, move mountains, heaven, hell and earth, when it comes to fulfilling their dreams. They're often quite the showy flamboyant ones and can come across as being mysterious, strikingly unusual, or different, which could either be due to their exquisite sense of style, or high levels of energy that last until what others consider getting old.

The Dragon has an inborn sense of leadership due to his confidence. He has an innate sense of right judgement, and usually one can trust when he snorts a comment at something distasteful, or finely compliments a painting in a gallery and gives you all the details about why he loves it.

There are times however, that the Dragon won't get beyond being a drifting dreamer; perhaps his dreams being too fancy and quite above the clouds. Sometimes, people might consider him as all talk and no trousers. But, he might just be reveling in a dream that he would sincerely love to realize, not quite noticing it's far-fetched nature; and then people might think he's merely pursuing some crack-pot scheme.

He is unpredictable and you never know if, with his eccentricity, he's building castles in the air or is just about to bring into an outright form the next great idea swimming in his head. Remember, the Dragon breathes fire, so cross his path a bit and you'll certainly have that tinge of regret for doing so.

The Dragon in Relationships
In relationships, the Dragon is quite direct and will let people know exactly what he wants and expects from them. Their pursuit of looking for an ideal partner can make them a bit reluctant in moving forward quickly in a relationship and making a commitment suggestive of it being close to permanence. But when they do realize that they want to be with someone, they are fiercely yet empathetically protective and intend for it to last. One of the most beautiful things about the Dragon is that his love is usually his best friend.

The Dragon can be a hard one to live with as they opine an excessively high worth of themselves, becoming a bit more focused on their own grandiosity, which can make them appear insensitively superficial and a little offensively tactless. It is however, simply an overbearing outcome which is only seemingly so, as they can get too absorbed and wrapped in their own thinking, forgetting to pay attention to the needs of those around them, and this is completely unintentional.

In spite of this, the Dragon's heart is deep, warm and generous. He has an optimism that is infectious and won't make you feel terrible about yourself, even though you may not have behaved your best.

At Best: Magnanimous, stately, vigorous, strong, self-assured, proud, noble, vivacious and has the capability to motivate others, direct, dignified, eccentric, intellectual, fiery, passionate, decisive, pioneering, artistic, generous, loyal.

At Worst: Tactless, arrogant, imperious, tyrannical, demanding, intolerant, dogmatic, violent, impetuous, brash.



The Snake – 蛇 Hebi

Yin, 2nd Trine, Fixed Element Fire

Year: 2001, 1989, 1977, 1965, 1953, 1941, 1929, 1917

Month: June

Hour: 09:00 – 11:00

Seduction, depth and charisma are 'hiss' main magnetic charms. Snakes spend a lot of time in their heads, reflecting and contemplating in quietude. But if you're looking for furrows and wrinkles of worry, you aren't about to find those on the Snake's forehead or manner. Their insatiable thirst for knowledge, their love of learning, along with their many varied interests that they can grasp quickly, and reflective thought makes them not too far from being quite so wise. It adds to their complex persona. David Byrne's quote, "The more you know, the more you don't know and the more you know that you don't know" fits aptly to the Snake's undying quest for knowledge.

The Snake makes his decisions based on his first impressions and a quick logical mind, rather than facts alone.

The Snake may be generous in the liberal sprinklings of his knowledge, but when it comes to his personal life, usually mum is the word. They can be quite secretive, which adds a mysterious aura to their commanding presence. Just like the Dragon, the Snake is a karmic sign, which means he has very high highs and very low lows in his life. But the ups are so ecstatic that the downs can all be handled well. He knows tomorrow is yet another day.

He is great at presenting himself in quite a favorable light and not in a gaudily ostentatious way. The Snake is most probably quite aware of his charisma and doesn't feel the need to add more pomp to his personality in order to impress anyone. If ever a Snake helps you, remember that he cannot help his serpentine nature of clinging on and coiling up until you return his favor.

The Snake in Relationships
Easily losing and finding himself in his thoughts, the Snake is quite a private person and prefers his own company to those of others, and has immense pleasure in doing so. They love close and intimate relationships, but these aren't top notch priority; though, he can return tremendously and qualitatively once he feels that he is respected and is taken a personal interest in.

The Snake is more than happy to meet new people, learn newer things and add to his ever-brimming capacious basket of experiences. It however, can be a little silly to attach yourself to a Snake. They are relentless with their energy and can tire people out before they tire themselves. When a Snake marries, he will be faithful as long as his partner is ambitious and is growing like he is with his ever-expanding knowledge and interests.

At Best: Deep thinker, wise, mystic, graceful, soft-spoken, sensual, flourishes in finances and customarily intelligent, creative, prudent, shrewd, elegant, cautious, responsible, calm, strong, constant, purposeful.

At Worst: Loner, bad communicator, possessive, hedonistic, self-doubting, distrustful, mendacious, suffocating, cold.



The Horse - 馬 Uma

Yang, 3rd Trine, Fixed Element Fire

Year: 2002, 1990, 1978, 1966, 1954, 1942, 1930, 1918, 1906

Month: July

Hour: 11:00 – 13:00

Reverent and respected, adventurous and vivacious, you are most likely to find the Horse right in the center of action and the fun member of any team. The Horse loves the outdoors and everything that he can possibly get involved with under the bright blue skies - it could be hiking, jogging, rock-climbing, biking, an open-air party, or traveling.

Quick-witted and knowing what you're about to say before you express it, the Horse is capable of forestalling an argument. He is quite intelligent and gifted, but there is quite a bit of cunningness involved there; and he knows it too. Appearing well integrated outside, inwardly the Horse is quite a rebel, ambitious and boundlessly energetic. He has a tickling and deft sense of humor and is quite the master of repartee.

The Horse can be quite a bit of an egoist and selfish to a point that he can see only his own problems. Although this equine sign of the Japanese zodiac may end up working for himself and his own success, his work ends up benefiting everyone. Although, one of the most impulsive signs of the Japanese zodiac, the Horse is quite adept at handling money and is famously known for losing his interest in something.

The Horse is full of paradoxes in many ways. He is proud yet sweet-natured, arrogant yet modest in his approach to love, envious but tolerant, moody yet tempered, and overconfident yet humble. They want to belong but are swept away by independence. They need love and intimacy, but often feel cornered and pressured. The Horse is rather dapper and strongly individualistic, depending upon his wits and the sweat of his brow to get what he wants.

The Horse in Relationships
Standing for virile masculinity, the Horse is fun-loving and is most likely to be the cause of an uproarious laughter in a group, due to his charming wit and sense of humor. Being around people energizes the Horse and he's usually the one who decides when and where the party will be. They're quite non-conformist, and if they meet a partner who is rather demanding and feel like they are being tied down, they'll gallop away to newer and sunnier pastures. The Horse mellows down with age and it is usually when if he hasn't found stability in his younger life, he will settle later.

The Horse can be headstrong and hard to live with if he doesn't quite get his way, hence making it best for him to be with someone who is looking in the same direction as he is. The emotional aloofness and independent streak of freedom can be a magnet for those of the opposite sex as people are many a times drawn to something they can't quite have. They should learn how not to let their independence get in the way of finding true love, if that is what they're looking for. He is spirited and lively and there couldn't possibly be a dull moment with him.

At Best: Cheerful, popular, quick-witted, changeable, earthy, perceptive, talkative, agile - mentally and physically, magnetic, intelligent, astute, flexible, open minded.

At Worst: Fickle, arrogant, childish, anxious, rude, gullible, stubborn.



The Sheep – 羊 Hitsuji

Yin, 4th Trine, Fixed Element Fire

Year: 2003, 1991, 1979, 1967, 1955, 1943, 1931, 1919, 1907

Month: August

Hour: 13:00 – 15:00

The Sheep represents the peak of altruism and elegant femininity in the Japanese/Chinese zodiac. Gentle and mellow, the Sheep is hardly ever aggressive, though whatever little aggressiveness there might be will manifest itself as passive-aggressive behavior. Fashionably refined and artistic by way of mere perception or bringing about a form of it, they are aesthetically inclined in performing arts and/or visual arts. The Sheep loves driving through a peaceful countryside, walking along a lovely park, and a beautiful candlelight dinner under moonlight with a soft gusty breeze and all that kindles his ever-romantic nature. They adore nature, four-footed or feathered friends.

It is unlikely, however, for a great adventure to show its pompous face, as the Sheep is more subdued and would rather visit peaceful places and situations. The Sheep can be indecisive and he'd rather wish that he wouldn't have to make a decision when awfully difficult ones pop up.

When things don't quite go the Sheep's way, or even get close to that, he becomes quite moody and stressed out. They tend to worry quite a bit, which adds to their being edgy. They have an esoteric streak about them and may engage in some sort of occultism.

The Sheep in Relationships
The Sheep can be a little timid and have difficulty standing up and speaking out loud for his rights, and if he isn't careful, people can take advantage of them. Their changeable nature makes them change their likes and dislikes plenty of times, making them unpredictable. The Sheep at worst can be capricious and aren't always so reliable. However, they are very sensitive and irresistibly adorable.

If you know a Sheep, he is probably one of the warmest, loving and tender persons you know. They are good-hearted and their care is always genuine. Readily forgiving and congenial, the Sheep do well in social situations. They are quite wondrously tactful in their choice of words and are neither caustic nor mean with a sharp tongue, which further adds to the lure of their warm personality.

At Best: Righteous, sincere, sympathetic, mild-mannered, shy, artistic, creative, gentle, compassionate, understanding, mothering, peaceful, generous, seeks security.

At Worst: Moody, indecisive, over-passive, worrier, pessimistic, over-sensitive, complainer, weak-willed.



The Monkey - 猿 Saru

Yang, 1st Trine, Fixed Element Metal

Year: 2004, 1992, 1980, 1968, 1956, 1944, 1932, 1920, 1908

Month: September

Hour: 15:00 – 17:00

Getting straight down to monkey business, the Monkey is fun and versatile and designed to bring about a grin on everyone's face, including his own first. You can give the cheerful, energetically creative and playful Monkey a copy of 'A History of Petroleum Tax Law Regulation' and he can turn it into a musical. They love refinement, originality and luxury and can be shamelessly blatant about their attraction to money.

The Monkeys key to popularity is mainly his charm and humor. But don't be too deceived as he's adept at hiding his true opinions under a guise of friendliness that appears genuine. However, he is no master with hiding his feelings as you can hear the Monkey screech from miles away about how genially hapd, self-confident and opportunistic, the Monkey can be quite unreasonable sometimes. Watpy or loathsomely sad he is.

When you're up against a problem, dial M for Monkey as they are incredible with problem-solving. They are ever curious and hungry for knowledge. Self-centerech out for 'oh so well-convinced' Monkey believing something is right, as he may easily persuade you and lug you into it too. The Monkey is highly and keenly competitive and can assimilate facts, figures, pick up new skills and techniques at breathtaking speed, making them a force to reckon with when it comes to business.

They spend quite a bit of their time in their head, thinking too much sometimes, owing to their cleverness. They're quick at picking up on details that many others might fail to notice making them shrewd judges of character. They might gamble a bit too much and maybe need to watch out for this tendency, if it goes overboard a bit.

The Monkey in Relationships
They are the gregarious sort who will have a wide social circle of friends and acquaintances who will ply them with the mental and social stimulation they need and quite constantly too. Although the Monkey can be unrealistically romantic, if you're wanting a stable, serious long-term relationship, the Monkey will do then what he does best, monkeying around. Because such a sort of relationship cannot hold their interest for too long a time.

Though they are passionate, they will not quite be the most stable ones and some mischievous ones can stir things up to a point where everything becomes dangerously intriguing to them and a little unsettling for everyone else, they sit back and watch the sparks fly. But his sense of humor will get him out of any tight and sticky situation. As friends, Monkeys are both loyal and devoted and as lovers, they are passionate yet flighty. They fall in love easily and get bored just as easily if they don't find the relationship stimulating enough.

The Monkey is good at enjoying and getting people to have fun too with their infectious personality. The Monkey is quite a flirt and needs someone who is patient and willing to take some efforts and know that their charm can't be all such a waste. Once, however, the Monkey plans to settle down, he can make a very devoted and faithful partner than most people are.

At Best: Inventor, motivator, improviser, quick-witted, inquisitive, flexible, innovative, problem solver, self-assured, sociable, artistic, polite, dignified, competitive, objective, factual, intellectual.

At Worst:Egotistical, vain, arrogant, selfish, reckless, snobbish, deceptive, manipulative, cunning, jealous, suspicious.



The Rooster – 鶏 Tori

Yin, 2nd Trine, Fixed Element Metal

Year: 2005, 1981, 1969, 1957, 1945, 1933, 1921, 1909

Month: October

Hour: 17:00 – 19:00

The notoriously dominant and refined Rooster is neither very complicated nor profound. He loves being noticed and flattered. He might appear rather flashy but underneath his free-living persona is a conservative heart.

The Rooster is sociable, acutely expressive in deference to verbal and non-verbal communication, loves receiving ample attention and is good at getting it. Due to their critical nature and acute perception, even their sense of humor is quite wry, expressing things ironically.

They are enthusiastic and efficient and have quite a keen eye for detail, and are very effective at what they do. It is a rarity to see a Rooster just sitting about and hanging over a chair doing nothing. They are quite multitalented and are at their best when they're accomplishing what it is they believe they're designed to do.

They have exceptional organizational skills and dislike anyone being disorganized, making sure they show it.

The Rooster is self-confident to the point of being over-confident too often. They spend their time idealizing situations, people and it lends them instant stature to their efforts and they have many people on their side that way. The Rooster knows how to flaunt what he's got too well, and can make a dramatic entrance anywhere and make sure everyone knows it. The Rooster is a great host and entertains well. They are practical, resourceful and love to dream.

The Rooster is argumentative and also good at it. When he finds a fault with someone he can just go on and on about it, seldom giving it a rest and has a tendency to nag too much. They can be as enthusiastic bragging about themselves as they are criticizing others; and can be show-offs. They can often exaggerate extravagance with their pretentious nature that stems out of their need to impress. A Rooster at his worst is conceited, narrow-minded and selfish. The Rooster struts reveling in his being the center of attention and believes that he deserves the spotlight. In turn, he directs it onto others and often it isn't quite so welcome. The Rooster can, too often, be bossy, insensitive and tactless. They should learn to carefully listen and acknowledge other people's feelings, which is something they take a long time to work on. However, the Rooster is a devoted and loyal friend.

The Rooster in Relationships
The Rooster needs to let go of his ego a bit in order for a relationship to be surviving healthfully. It can bloom positively if he doesn't dominate. Even though, to the Rooster, it's more a matter of being a little bit playful with their authoritative behavior, it can drive a sensitive person away and make situations unpleasant at times.

The opposite sex is quite attracted towards the Rooster because of their appearance. Intimacy is rather a cold cup of tea for the Rooster, as he tends to be judgemental a bit, with very strong feelings towards people. He either likes people immensely or outcasts them with utter dislike.

The Rooster, in relationships can be very demanding. However, they don't mean it badly. Many a times, it's just that they're either seeking too much attention and seeing to it that their strutting around is noticed, and this is just an instinctual need they have. Ample times, however, the Rooster doesn't quite see how nagging they are. Roosters are extremely loyal as they are too honest and wouldn't make their reality in a such a manner that it would get in the way of a romance they'd like to keep alive for longer.

The Rooster needs to find someone whose abilities and looks they can really adore and respect. He can certainly drive his family nuts due to his over attentiveness to detail. However, if this is used rightly, he can bring his attention to the details of the needs of his love, then the couple can really flourish.

At Best: Acute, neat, meticulous, organized, self-assured, decisive, conservative, critical, perfectionist, alert, zealous, practical, scientific, responsible.

At Worst: Over zealous and critical, puritanical, egotistical, abrasive, proud, opinionated, given to empty bravado.



The Dog - 犬 Inu

Yang, 3rd Trine, Fixed Element Metal

Year: 2006, 1982, 1970, 1958, 1946, 1934, 1922, 1910

Month: November

Hour: 19:00 – 21:00

The Dog symbolizes honor, justice and loyalty, and above all almost selfless humanitarianism. The Dog has faithfulness, sense of duty and sincerity in profound depths, and takes things rather seriously. He will certainly wag no tail when it comes to unjust matters. The Dog is the one to speak up for himself, and the ones who lose their voice to speak up, dedicating himself to matters which he considers of utmost importance, to the point of sacrifice. Protective about his pack, which is family and their close friends, the Dog is loyal to a point of being patriotic, if it comes to that. You can trust a Dog if you tell him any secret or something close to it being so. The Dog can appear bossy as he genuinely feels he knows best. The outer calm that the Dog portrays is in no accordance with a heart and mind that are always jumping.

They have a tendency to look at things that they might consider as scope of being corrected. The Dog always works for the bigger whole than for himself alone. The Dog is prone to quite a bit of anxiety and fretting when they think they aren't good enough for something. When they fail to solve problems, they become quite cynical and skeptical about the world. Introverted, they will rarely show his true feelings, until he finds it an utmost necessity. The Dog is trusted by many and has the knack of gaining support from plenty of important people. The Dog is simplistic and hardly materialistic at all, caring more about people than about success or money. They are good at working their way up to accomplishing goals by way of hard work.

The Dog in Relationships
The Dog can be quite the worrier when it comes to relationships. When, however, they trust some one they are thorough with their loyalty and devotion, through thick and thin. They are desirable friends, deriving pleasure from friends and family. Altruistic by nature, their concern extends to humanity as a whole. The Dog is rather slow to anger and doesn't nag much. They're excellent at times with controlling their emotions and discerning, choosing their battles carefully.

They aren't most diplomatic when it comes to criticism. The Dog's anger can flare up easily and violently too, owing to his highly protective nature. Reserved by nature, the Dog tends to be more subdued and narrow-minded, without continuous displays of affection. They tend to be critical with their judgements about people, and lash out against the ones who don't quite fit into their own frame of matters and what they consider ideal. The Dog needs to realize that, sometimes, his family needs more warmth than he provides.

At Best: Honest, intelligent, straightforward, loyal, courageous, devoted nature, sense of justice and fair play, attractive, amicable, unpretentious, sociable, open-minded, idealistic, moralistic, practical, affectionate, sensitive, easy going.

At Worst: Cynical, lazy, cold, judgmental, pessimistic, worrier, stubborn, quarrelsome.



The Boar - 猪 Inoshishi

Yin, 4th Trine, Fixed Element Water

Year: 2007, 1983, 1971, 1959, 1947, 1935, 1923, 1911

Month: December

Hour: 21:00 – 23:00

The last sign of the Japanese zodiac, the Boar is full of genuine affection, honesty and generosity. They tend to be in genial moods most of the time as they avoid making judgements, seeing the good sides of people, and have an earthy sense of humor. They're quite loved in their social circle and are pleasantly co-operative, doing well in group situations. The Boar is obliging and chivalrous, manners and good taste are quite important to him. Aesthetic and romantic, the Boar is caring, sensitive and exclusive to what he adores.

They can be rather hard on themselves at times, though, and are scrupulous to fault. He is tolerant and understanding to the faults of others and is capable of accepting his own with a very calm air.

They are pure at heart with a bit of hedonistic head. Even though, not all are scholars, they have a deep intellectual side and are very aware of the latest news or conspiracy theory. The Boar isn't the chattiest person, but when he does decide to speak, there isn't much that can stop him until he exhausts his subjects.

Well-read, the Boar's knowledge is of a vast expanse. The Boar can fall into voids of sadness when they feel that life seems to be going against their flow. He can become suspicious and distrusting with those around him. They can get self-indulgent and can spend many an oblong idle hour with their new found loves.

The Boar can feel rather powerless against hypocrisy because that is just not his game; and can go to lengths to explain himself and his actions. Although outwardly he may appear calm, the Boar has astonishing inner strength. They are quite content with modest means, accepting the luxury of life without being too demanding. They always tend to have a lot of support from friends. Materially, the Boar has all the essentials of life, whatever career path he chooses.

They are great companions and can be quite the throbbing and vibrant heart of a fun-filled evening. The Boar, in general, can be quite lazy, but is lucky.

The Boar in Relationships
The Boar, often, gives a lot of himself and generously too. When in love, the Boar's emotions become rather transparent, making them vulnerable. Hence, they need a partner who isn't too domineering. They need someone who is sensitive and as giving as they are too.

The Boar may tend to become promiscuous at times, but beneath all his blatant sexuality is a decent, honest, generous and loyal heart.

They are quite sensual and value friendship most in an intimate relationship. Considerate, loyal and loving, the Boar is an ideal partner for a lady looking to settle down happily. The female Boar makes a very good mother. The simplicity of their soul and their talents flourish when they settle with the right partner, as they have the security of a supportive framework. They, then, devote themselves to their family and loved ones.

The Boar is more optimistic about life and it is rather a rarity to see one backed into a corner with a sullen air, given up, with hands thrown up in the air. They find it very easy to make friends, and are sensitive lovers.

At Best: Honest, gallant, sturdy, sociable, peace-loving, patient, loyal, hardworking, trusting, sincere, calm, understanding, thoughtful, scrupulous, passionate, intelligent.

At Worst: Naive, over-reliant, self-indulgent, gullible, fatalistic, materialistic.



There are the four trines to consider which impart each of its natives with some specific characteristics that hold true to those belonging to that particular trine. The people belonging to the trine are usually most compatible with each other.

Compatible Pairings

    * First Trine: Rat, Dragon, Monkey
    * Second Trine: Ox, Snake, Rooster
    * Third Trine: Tiger, Horse, Dog
    * Fourth Trine: Rabbit, Sheep, Boar

Incompatible Pairings

    * Rat and Horse
    * Ox and Sheep
    * Tiger and Monkey
    * Rabbit and Rooster
    * Dragon and Dog
    * Snake and Boar

You can read more on compatibility in Chinese astrology compatibility.

With everyone seeking love, truth and beauty, all the signs have a lot to teach and a lot to learn from one another. All the signs of the Japanese zodiac calendar along with their own idiosyncrasies and colorful personalities make a beautiful world, living together as a whole. All of us have our own inner night and day, and no one is in any place to judge another. Love, patience and trust make everything possible. And, with every lesson thoroughly learnt, the world can only get better.

Japanese Culture and Customs

Japan is a country of diverse customs and culture, while on the other hand, it is one of the most technologically advanced countries in the world. This is what makes it so unique, the mix of tradition and modernity, that results in a wonderful blend that appeals most to tourists and people belonging to different countries. In this article we will delve into the Japanese culture and customs, to understand what sets this country apart from others.

Japanese Customs and Traditions

Japanese customs are very important, and though they stem from ancient Japanese culture, they are followed to this date, of course with a few adaptations to modern times. We've all heard about important social conventions and customs in Japan. However, it is time to take a look at what these conventions are, and how knowing them will effect the perception of Japanese people for you, as an outsider. Though some customs in Japan are regional, the customs mentioned here are generally and widely accepted all over Japan.

Greetings
Almost everyone is aware that the Japanese way of greeting is bowing. It is such an integral and vital part of Japanese etiquette, that employees of various companies are trained to bow in the right manner. The reason why bows are so important are because they express reverence for the opposite person. As such, the practice of bowing while greeting should not be taken lightly.

Bows are informal and formal. While the general norm for men is to maintain the hands at their sides and bend forward from the waist, for girls it is the same with the hands placed on the lap, with the eyes looking down. Formal bows are deeper than informal bows. A bow is returned with a bow and should normally last only up to 2-3 seconds. Shaking hands, sometimes in combination with a bow, has now become a common practice in Japan, especially with outsiders and tourists. As a tourist, if you are applying this greeting, ensure you bend to the left and not straight, to avoid knocking down the opposite person. Any greeting should portray a dynamism, else it is considered rude.

While speaking to superiors and customers, there are very important rules of politeness that are followed. The Japanese are a cooperative lot, and do not believe in individualism, but conformity. They believe in universal good rather than individual gain. They are never forthright about their opinions, and are rather diplomatic in putting forth any point of view.

Visiting Houses and Hospitality
While visiting someone's house in Japan, where being invited is a big honor, it is polite to remove shoes outside the house so as to avoid soiling the floors inside the house. When shoes are removed they should be pointed outward, facing away from the entrance door. It is important to maintain hygiene of the feet as foot odor is a rude deviation from the norm, and is generally a put-off. If you are wearing open footwear, carrying a pair of white socks to wear while entering the house is necessary, and is a gesture that shows concern for the host's hospitality.

The hosts generally offer slippers to wear inside the house, but ensuring they are clean is the guest's responsibility. A hat or coat is to be removed before the door to the house is opened, while it should be put back on only after the guest has left the premises of the house, and the door to the house has been closed. The norm followed while visiting someone's house is to carry a gift, where going without one is considered impolite. The gift is placed on the paper bag in which it has been bought, and given with both hands, immediately upon entering the living room.

From the host's point of view, a guest should be made comfortable on all accounts. As such, they will always appear to be busy, so that the guest can be at ease, assuming all the work is being taken care of. Also, the guest is given the best of everything, as receiving a guest is as big an honor as being invited to someone's home, among Japanese culture and customs. It is normal to receive a gift in return from the host. The guest may politely refuse to take the gift the first time, but should accept it upon insistence, the second time.

The Art of Eating and Drinking
Eating in Japan requires the knowledge of several customs. It is common to say 'grace' as it is in the western culture, before beginning a meal. This includes thanking the person who prepared the meal. In Japanese restaurants, a rolled hand towel is given to the customers, to wipe hands. Wiping the face or neck with the same towel is not well received. Picking food from the plate while leaving out certain ingredients is rude. Passing food from one pair of chopsticks to another is taboo. Any food to be passed should be placed in the plate of the person taking it.

It is necessary that you clear your plate completely while eating. Slurping is not thought of as uncouth, and is in fact a gesture that shows you are relishing the soup or noodles. Additional and optional ingredients such as soy sauce are taken separately in a small bowl, and pouring too much sauce in the bowl implies greed and wastefulness. Japanese food, including sushi, is dipped in soy sauce before eating, if required. After the meal, a humble thank you is announced in the Japanese language, while joining both hands together. Learning how to use chopsticks before heading to Japan is a wise thing to do, and will be well appreciated among the Japanese people. While making payments, placing money in the hands is avoided, and is placed in a tray that is placed near the cashier. In case, money is to be placed directly in the hands, it should be given and received with both hands as a form of politeness.

Punctuality and Work Ethics
The Japanese are very punctual people, and generally adhere to a predetermined agenda. This punctuality does not only apply to the workplace ethics, but any kind of social engagement. They consider leaving the work place to go home, before the boss, as a rude gesture. They are even apologetic when they leave before other co-workers.

It is important to have knowledge about any culture before you visit the place. It is polite and makes the host appreciative of the fact that you have made an effort to learn about their customs before visiting the place. In the case of Japan, learning Japanese language is an added advantage, though any foreigner there is spoken to in English, unless he is able to prove that he can speak and understand Japanese. The knowledge of Japanese culture and customs, thus, gives us an interesting insight into the coexistence of the rapid economic and technological progress, along with deep rooted customs and traditions.